Glossary
The FI Tech industrial-AI glossary defines 60+ terms covering computer vision, drone mapping, edge inference, multi-object tracking, Saudi compliance frameworks (PDPL, NCA-ECC, GACA, MEWA, SDAIA), and hardware platforms. Each entry links to related concepts and the FI Tech solution where it is used in production across Saudi industrial deployments.
A
B
- Drone
BIM
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the structured 3D + metadata digital twin of a built asset…
- CV
BoT-SORT
BoT-SORT (Aharon et al., 2022) extends ByteTrack with camera-motion compensation and a learned re-identification feature, raising …
- CV
ByteTrack
ByteTrack (2022) is a simple but effective MOT association algorithm that uses every detection bounding box, even low-confidence o…
C
- CV
Computer Vision
Computer vision is the field that builds algorithms to extract meaning from images and video — classification, detection, segmenta…
- CV
Confusion Matrix
A confusion matrix is the N×N grid that breaks classifier predictions into true positives, true negatives, false positives, and fa…
D
- CV
DeepSORT
DeepSORT (Wojke et al., 2017) was the breakthrough that added a deep appearance descriptor to the original SORT tracker, dramatica…
- Drone
Digital Elevation Model
A digital elevation model encodes ground (or surface) heights as a raster grid…
- CV
DINOv3
DINOv3 (Meta, 2025) is a self-supervised vision foundation model trained on 1.7 B images…
- Hardware
DVR
A DVR (Digital Video Recorder) is the older recording appliance designed for analog cameras (HD-TVI, HD-CVI, AHD, CVBS) — it digit…
E
F
G
- Compliance
GACA
GACA is the General Authority of Civil Aviation, Saudi Arabia's regulator of civil aviation including drone operations…
- IoT
Geofence
A geofence is a virtual polygon over a real-world area; assets entering or exiting trigger automated rules…
- Drone
Ground Control Point
A ground control point (GCP) is a surveyed marker visible from the air whose exact coordinates are measured with survey-grade GNSS…
- CV
Grounding DINO
Grounding DINO is an open-vocabulary detector: instead of a fixed class list, it accepts free-form text prompts like 'worker witho…
H
I
- Compliance
IKTVA
IKTVA (In-Kingdom Total Value Add) is Saudi Aramco's localization scoring program — and the de-facto standard adopted by SABIC, Ma…
- CV
Instance Segmentation
Instance segmentation produces a separate pixel mask for every object instance, even if they share the same class…
- CV
IoU
IoU (Intersection over Union, also called the Jaccard index) measures overlap between a predicted bounding box and ground truth: d…
- Compliance
ISO 27001
ISO/IEC 27001 is the international standard for information security management systems (ISMS)…
L
M
- CV
mAP
mAP (mean Average Precision) is the headline accuracy metric for object detection…
- Compliance
MEWA
MEWA, the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, regulates environmental, water, and agricultural sectors in Saudi Arabia…
- CV
Multi-Object Tracking
Multi-object tracking (MOT) assigns persistent IDs to detected objects across video frames, so worker A is the same worker A in fr…
N
- Compliance
NCA
The National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) is Saudi Arabia's lead cybersecurity regulator, established 2017…
- Compliance
NCA-ECC
NCA-ECC (Essential Cybersecurity Controls, version ECC-1:2018) is the baseline security framework Saudi Arabia's NCA mandates for …
- Compliance
NEOM
NEOM is Saudi Arabia's USD 500 B+ giga-project on the Red Sea coast — a 26,500 km² zone hosting The Line (linear city), Oxagon (in…
- Hardware
NVIDIA DGX
DGX is NVIDIA's purpose-built training appliance: 8 Hopper or Blackwell GPUs in one chassis with NVLink fabric, fast InfiniBand, a…
- Hardware
NVIDIA Jetson Orin
The Jetson Orin family (Nano 8 GB, NX 16 GB, AGX 64 GB) is NVIDIA's edge AI platform pairing Ampere GPU with ARM Cortex-A78AE core…
- Hardware
NVR
An NVR (Network Video Recorder) is the modern IP-camera recording appliance — it ingests RTSP/ONVIF streams over Ethernet, encodes…
O
- CV
Object Detection
Object detection is the CV task of locating and classifying multiple objects in one image, returning bounding boxes plus class lab…
- CV
ONNX
ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange) is the open format that lets a model trained in PyTorch run in TensorFlow, OpenVINO, TensorRT,…
- CV
ONVIF
ONVIF (Open Network Video Interface Forum) is the global standard that lets IP cameras, video recorders, and analytics platforms f…
- CV
ONVIF Profile M
ONVIF Profile M, ratified in 2021, standardizes how analytics metadata flows between cameras, recorders, and analytics services…
- CV
ONVIF Profile S
ONVIF Profile S is the baseline streaming profile every modern IP camera supports…
- CV
ONVIF Profile T
ONVIF Profile T extends Profile S with H.265/HEVC streaming, motion alarms, on-camera tampering detection, bidirectional audio, an…
- CV
OpenVINO
OpenVINO is Intel's open-source toolkit for optimizing and running AI inference on CPUs, integrated GPUs, NPUs, and discrete Arc /…
- Drone
Orthomosaic
An orthomosaic is a single, geometrically corrected aerial image stitched from hundreds of overlapping drone photos…
P
- Compliance
PDPL
PDPL (Personal Data Protection Law) is Saudi Arabia's GDPR-equivalent legislation, enforced from September 2024 by SDAIA…
- Drone
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry reconstructs 3D geometry from overlapping 2D photos by triangulating common features across images…
- CV
Pose Estimation
Pose estimation locates anatomical keypoints (shoulders, elbows, knees, ankles) on every person in a frame, producing a stick-figu…
- CV
PPE Detection
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) detection uses computer-vision models on CCTV and drone feeds to flag missing hard hats, vests…
- CV
Precision
Precision is the fraction of positive predictions that turn out correct: TP / (TP + FP)…
- Safety
Punch List
A punch list is the running register of incomplete, defective, or damaged items contractor must remediate before final handover an…
R
- CV
Recall
Recall is the fraction of real positives the model actually catches: TP / (TP + FN)…
- CV
RF-DETR
RF-DETR is Roboflow's 2025 transformer-based detector that beats YOLO11 by 2-4 mAP on COCO at the same parameter budget while stay…
- Drone
RTK GPS
RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) GPS achieves centimeter-level positioning by streaming carrier-phase corrections from a known base stati…
- CV
RTSP
RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol, RFC 7826) is the network control protocol IP cameras use to negotiate H.264, H.265, or AV1 vid…
S
- CV
SAM 2
SAM 2 (Meta, 2024) is the second-generation Segment Anything Model: prompt with a click, box, or mask and it returns pixel-perfect…
- Compliance
Saudi Building Code
The Saudi Building Code (SBC) is the unified construction standard issued by the Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC), a…
- Compliance
Saudi National Address (Wasel)
Saudi National Address (Wasel) is the standardized geocoding system run by Saudi Post for every building in the kingdom…
- Compliance
SDAIA
SDAIA (Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority) is the apex government body for data and AI in Saudi Arabia, established …
- CV
Semantic Segmentation
Semantic segmentation assigns a class label to every pixel — road, sky, worker, scaffold, ground — without distinguishing individu…
- Safety
Slip-Trip-Fall
Slip-trip-fall is a leading source of industrial injury, accounting for roughly 25% of OSHA-recordable incidents on construction s…
- Compliance
SOC 2
SOC 2 (System and Organization Controls 2) is the AICPA-defined audit framework for service organizations across five trust criter…
T
V
W
- Compliance
Wasel Short Code
The Wasel Short Code is the four-character alphanumeric tag attached to every Saudi National Address — three letters identifying t…
- Safety
Work Permit
A work permit (PTW, Permit to Work) is the formal authorization required before high-risk tasks — hot work, confined-space entry, …
