Data Types and Formats
Understanding the various data types captured during drone operations is essential for proper storage, processing, and analysis.
Visual Imagery
Standard RGB imagery is captured in JPEG or RAW formats. JPEG offers smaller file sizes suitable for quick review, while RAW files preserve maximum detail for post-processing. Most professional workflows use DNG or proprietary RAW formats. Typical inspection images range from 12-48 megapixels depending on camera specifications.
Video Footage
Video is typically captured in MP4 or MOV containers using H.264 or H.265 codecs. 4K resolution at 30fps is standard for inspection work, with 60fps useful for motion analysis. Bitrates of 100Mbps or higher preserve detail for frame extraction. Consider ProRes or CinemaDNG for color-critical applications.
Thermal Data
Thermal cameras capture radiometric data in proprietary formats like RJPEG (FLIR) or TIFF with embedded temperature data. These formats preserve actual temperature measurements for quantitative analysis. Standard thermal resolution is 640x512 pixels, with higher-end sensors reaching 1280x1024.
Metadata and Telemetry
Flight data is logged in formats including CSV, KML, and proprietary flight logs. This includes GPS coordinates, altitude, gimbal angles, and timestamps. EXIF data embedded in images provides crucial georeferencing information. Ensure time synchronization between all recording systems.
Data Collection Best Practices
Following consistent data collection procedures ensures quality and usability of captured information.
Camera Settings
Use manual exposure settings for consistent imagery across a mission. Set ISO as low as possible (100-400) to minimize noise. Shutter speed should be at least 1/focal length equivalent to prevent motion blur. For mapping, use consistent aperture (f/5.6-f/8) for uniform depth of field.
Capture Intervals
For photogrammetry, capture images with 70-80% frontal overlap and 60-70% side overlap. Time-based intervals work for consistent flight speeds, while distance-based triggers accommodate varying terrain. Video capture should be continuous for inspection review.
Storage Considerations
Use high-speed memory cards (V30 or V60 rating) to prevent write buffer overflow. Format cards before each mission for optimal performance. Carry multiple cards and swap at logical mission segments. Verify recordings before leaving site.
Data Transfer and Management
Proper data handling from capture to storage ensures nothing is lost and files remain organized.
Field Transfer
Transfer data to laptop or portable drive immediately after each flight. Verify file integrity by spot-checking images and video playback. Use checksums for critical data verification. Never delete original card data until backups are confirmed.
File Organization
Establish consistent naming conventions including date, site, and mission number. Organize folders by project, date, and data type. Document any anomalies or equipment issues in accompanying notes. Create manifest files listing all captured data.
Backup Strategy
Implement 3-2-1 backup strategy: 3 copies, 2 different media types, 1 offsite. Cloud backup provides geographic redundancy but consider bandwidth limitations for large datasets. Verify backup integrity regularly.
Export and Integration
Preparing data for analysis platforms requires understanding export requirements and integration methods.
Platform Requirements
Different analysis platforms have specific format requirements. Check documentation for supported formats, maximum file sizes, and metadata requirements. Some platforms require specific folder structures or naming conventions.
Batch Processing
Use batch processing tools to convert formats, resize images, or extract frames from video. Adobe Bridge, XnConvert, and FFmpeg are useful tools. Preserve original files and create processed copies in separate folders.
API Integration
Modern platforms offer API access for automated data upload. Configure automated workflows to transfer new data to cloud storage or processing queues. Monitor transfer status and implement retry logic for failed uploads.
Quality Assurance
Verify data quality before processing to avoid wasted effort on unusable data.
Image Quality Check
Review sample images for focus, exposure, and coverage. Check for blur from motion or vibration. Verify GPS coordinates are correctly embedded. Flag any images with issues for exclusion or re-capture.
Coverage Verification
Use mapping software to verify complete coverage of target area. Identify gaps that require additional flights. Check overlap percentages meet requirements for intended processing.
